A Masterpiece That Withstood Time
Among the many intriguing aspects of the Forbidden City, one of the most fascinating is its spotless roofs. Unlike many ancient buildings that accumulate bird droppings and weeds over time, the palace complex remains pristine. Researchers and architects have investigated this mystery, and their findings reveal three key reasons behind this phenomenon.
1. The Power of Color: Yellow Roof Tiles Repel Birds
The roofs of the Forbidden City are covered with yellow glazed tiles, a symbol of imperial power in ancient China. However, beyond their aesthetic significance, these tiles play a crucial role in keeping birds at bay.
Birds tend to avoid the roofs because the bright yellow surface reflects sunlight, creating a glare that makes it difficult for them to land. The intense brightness reduces their visibility, discouraging them from perching or nesting on the palace rooftops.
2. Special Glazed Tiles: A Natural Bird Deterrent
The tiles used in the Forbidden City’s construction are not ordinary. They are glazed and meticulously crafted through an intricate 36-step process. This glazing gives the tiles a smooth, slippery surface, preventing birds from gaining a firm grip.
Additionally, the architectural design follows a traditional Chinese principle called “Oanh Bù Luò Xiǎng Dǐng” (meaning “a roof where birds cannot land”). The roof tiles are arranged with a specific slope and spacing, making it impossible for birds to perch for long or build nests.
Moreover, any stray seeds that may land on the roof are quickly washed away by rain or roll off the sloped tiles, preventing plants from taking root.
3. Routine Maintenance: A Commitment to Preservation
In ancient times, the Forbidden City had a dedicated team of craftsmen responsible for its maintenance. These highly skilled workers conducted restorations every three years, ensuring the palace remained in top condition. Every five years, they would replace roof tiles and repair major structures.
Today, the Palace Museum continues this tradition, employing professionals who regularly clean and maintain the rooftops to preserve their original splendor. Thanks to these efforts, the Forbidden City remains an architectural wonder, standing the test of time.
The Takeaway
The Forbidden City’s clean and well-preserved roofs are no coincidence. Through thoughtful design, innovative materials, and meticulous upkeep, this historical treasure continues to shine as a testament to ancient Chinese ingenuity. Next time you visit Beijing, take a closer look at the Forbidden City’s rooftops and admire the centuries-old craftsmanship that keeps them spotless.