Long ago, in the sun-scorched wheat fields of Salento in the Puglia region of Italy, a mysterious legend took root. During the hot harvest season, farmers, often women, were said to be bitten by a type of wolf spider known as Lycosa tarantula. According to folk belief, the spider’s bite caused more than just physical pain; it injected a spiritual toxin called Tarantismo. Those affected, called Tarantata, would fall into a state of despair, madness, or severe depression, which was believed to be the spider’s curse on their body and mind.
The people of Puglia believed that no medicine could cure the venom; only music and dance could free the afflicted. When someone was bitten, their family would summon musicians to play traditional instruments. The Tamburello drum pounded a relentless, urgent rhythm, while the violin and accordion wove intricate, compelling melodies. At first, the Tarantata moved slowly, but soon they would dance frenetically, rolling on the floor, twisting and mimicking the spider’s movements, sometimes for hours or even days. The community believed that through sweat and motion, the venom would leave the body and the imagined spider inside would be vanquished by rhythm.
Every year, on June 29th, during the feast of Saints Peter and Paul, people afflicted by spider bites would gather in the town of Galatina. Here, they performed a public ritual of dance and drank from the holy well at the Church of Saint Paul, giving thanks for being “cured.” This striking tradition blended ancient pagan beliefs with Christian devotion, creating a unique ceremony that honored both spiritual faith and communal healing.
Today, what was once called Tarantismo is understood by science as a form of psychological release, a cathartic expression for women historically constrained by social limitations. Yet the music and dance it inspired live on in two vibrant cultural forms. Pizzica, the wild and fiery folk dance of Puglia, preserves the original intensity of the ritual, while Tarantella evolved into a classic, entertaining version enjoyed across Italy and beyond.
The legend of the tarantula bite teaches a timeless lesson about the healing power of music, movement, and community. When an individual falls into despair, the collective energy, rhythm, and support of those around them can help guide them back to life, joy, and resilience. This tale reminds us that even in the darkest moments, connection and creativity can offer liberation and hope.